Things New and Old Page

This is item eight from Robert Dymond's book: "Things New and Old Concerning the Parish of Widecombe-in-the-Moor and its Neighbourhood" (1876)

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THE PARISH REGISTERS OF WIDECOMBE

THE registration of baptisms, marriages, and burials was directed by a proclamation of Henry VIII., issued in 1538, at the instance of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, while Vicar-General to that Monarch. Before that date, when it was desired to establish the age or parentage of persons whose title to property might be in question, or for other legal purposes, it was customary to collect evidence, in the form of depositions, from persons who were witnesses of the event to be proved. These depositions were often very curious in their circumstantiality. An example now lies before us in the case of Cristina, daughter of Wm. Orchard, a North Devon squire, in the reign of Henry VII. The young lady’s father and only brother had died, and it became necessary to determine the time of her birth, in order to establish her heirship. To prove this, Thomas Dynneworthy deposed that she was fourteen years old and upwards on the Feast of St.Andrew last past ; he well remembered the same, for that his son John died of the plague the day of her baptism. John More remembered it because he was parish clerk, and held the book in his hands at her baptism. One witness had a daughter married the same day. Another identified it by a heavy storm, when the people of Shebbear had much injury done to their houses. Another had carried the basin with Zowacrum from the manor house to the church, on the occasion of her baptism. Another remembered it because on that day he had professed in the order of friars minors in a convent at Exeter. Richard Rowden deposed that he had fallen from his horse, and broken his arm; while John Wothnel proved the date by a great tempest at sea, when his ship, the Katherine, sunk, and all was lost except the mariners.

It was directed that the Parish Register should be kept in a coffer, provided by the Churchwardens, with three locks and keys, one of which was to remain with the Minister and the other two with. the Churchwardens, so that neither of the three should take the book out of the coffer without the concurrence of the others. The earliest parochial registers were very loosely kept ; very few indeed go back to the year 1538, and in none of the many old books we have examined in the parish churches of Devonshire have we found original entries made in the sixteenth century at the dates of the events recorded. They are all transcripts from other sources, the original records being lost or surrendered to the Government. The Widecombe registers are all of older date than the majority of their kind ; and, considering the dampness of the climate and place of deposit in the vestry, they are in a very fair state of preservation. The baptisms commence in 1570, the weddings in 1573, and the burials in 1560. There are frequent gaps, some of which extend over several years; and there are some very remarkable variations in the number of entries made in each year, especially in those relating to burials. These were often due to the ravages of epidemic disorders. Thus, in 1581 there were but 7 funerals, while in the following year there were 39! Again, in 1589 there were 22, while in the next year the burials increased to 59, the maximum number that occurs in the register in any one year. The 49 burials in 1711 are accounted for by a note inserted in the book thus-“This yeare the small pock rain’d very much ;” 8 of these deaths occurred in January, 17 in February, and 8 in March. Of the 57 burials which took place in 1643, no less than 12 occurred in the month of June.

So far as the testimony of the registers goes, the population of the parish would seem to have been greater than now in the Tudor and Stuart reigns; and there are indications of the presence of numerous “tinners,” or miners, in the occurrence of names of Cornish origin. One Gabriel Aptor, “whoe was spoyled (mortally injured) in a tin worke,” was buried in 1617. In 1706 we find “William Humphry, a tinner, buried ye 27 of June.” The ﬁrst instance of the mention of the age of the deceased occurs in an entry of 1707-“ Thomas Hamlyn of Cator buried ye 28th of December in the 88 yeare of his age.” Curious little notes are occasionally interspersed among the entries. The year 1597 is noted as “ the Deere yere.” The register of burials for that year is want- ing, but the famine does not appear to have diminished the number of marriages, nine of which were solemnized. The christening of an illegitimate child in 1572 has a special record, as follows :— “Johan daughter of Nicholas Whyte (as Johan her mother sayeth) the which mother was the daughter of one Willm. Randell of Plym- mouthe dissesed, the which Johan came to the house of Knyght als Edmonds in the forest of Dartmoore and there was delyvd of a child and the child christined the ﬁrst daye of September.” The burial of an unbaptized child in 1700 is entered thus :—“ November the 30th. John Hine about that time had a child born that did not live half an ower and it was pitt in too the earth about the second day of December.” In the corner of the page recording the christenings in 1725, the churchwarden gives vent to his exuberant loyalty thus: “ William Tremills, his hand and pen ; God bless King George and all his men.”

An entry in the book referring to the induction of the Rev. George Lyde, one of Prince’s Worthies of Devon, and of whom mention is made elsewhere in these columns as the vicar who bravely conducted the service of the church through the memorable storm of October 1638, is worthy of record here : “ The seventeenth daie of March 1653 George Lyde cleark mr. of arts was inducted into actuall and reall possession of the vicarage and church of Withecombe in the Moore Wth all his rights and members after the readinge of the articles of the convocation holden at London 1562 by Mr. Robert Ellis clerke nominated in the said George Lyde his induction in the p’sence of those whose names are subscribed.--Rob. Ellis clerk, Andrew tamlin, Chr Lapthorn, -— Hamlyn, Ralph Rouse.” This last witness was no doubt the “Mr. Rouse” whose name is mentioned more than once in the narrative of the great storm. There are several entries in the registers relating to the children of George Lyde. The burial of Sarah, his wife, took place 17th May, 1672 ; and in the year following is found the entry--“ George Lyde vicar of this parrish was buried on the fower and twentieth day of March.”

The civil marriages during the Commonwealth are entered as taking place before justices of the peace, as was usual during that period. Thomas Reynell, Rowland Whiddon, William Bastard, and John Elford, esquires, occur as officiating magistrates ; also Lawrence Adams and Christopher Farwell, mayors of Totnes. One somewhat special entry occurs in 1658 as follows :—“ May 9th. An agreement of marriage between Michell Langworthy and Mary ffarwell was delivered unto me and was published three Lord’s days followinge in the close of the morninge exercise. June 9th. Michell Langworthy and Mary ffarwell were married by George Lyde vicar.”

Among the many curious, and in some cases obsolete, Christian names to be found in the registers are Fabian, Quintin or Quintyne, and Sydrach or Sadrach, all common amongst the male names of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. It was a favourite fancy with parents of this parish to have their boys christened Pancras, after the youthful patron saint of their church. Amongst the now rare female Christian names we ﬁnd Sidwell, Ursula, Audrey, Pentecost, Siblighe or Sibley, Petronell, Bethia, Rogene (1573); of this last there are several varieties of spelling, as Ragenye (1595), Rogena (1613), Rogyney (1657). But perhaps the most remarkable is the rather common name of Rychord or Richoard, which one might hesitate to assign to a female without the ample proofs afforded in the register. The most conclusive of these proofs is the entry of the marriage of “ Rychard Smerdon and Rychord Palke the xxviiith of September 1588.” Amongst surnames the following are common —Leyman, Hannaford, Windeatt, Tamlyn, Smerdon, French, Hext, Aptor, Langworthy, Caunter, Palk, and Hamlin. The Man or Mann family were the most proliﬁc race of all. A few of the surnames, as Widecombe, Cater, and Blackslade, are obviously derived from the parish, or places within its limits. Many of these surnames will be recognized as occurring very frequently in the parish and neighbour- hood at the present time ; but, on the other hand, the now common ones of Langdon and Hern do not appear until a comparatively recent date.

The following extracts from the Registers are selected as bearing more or less upon personal or local history:

BAPTISMS.

1605	“ Clement son of William Hill curate baptized xxix April.”
1636	“ Joan daughter of John Ilford” [Elford], baptised 18th Dec.
1638	Ann, daughter of the same, baptized 16th December.
1639	“Sarah the daughter of Mr. George Lide vicar was baptized the sixteenth day of June.”
1641	“Katherine the daughter of Mr. George Lide vicar was baptized the ixth day of February.”
1642	“ Mary and Sarah the children of John Ilford gent,” baptized 13th December (see tablet to their mother’s memory in another page).
1642	“Ann ye daughter of Mr. George Lide vicar was baptised the xxviijth day of February.” [The Register records the baptism of his other children, viz.: Elizabeth, 1645 ; George, 1647; Thomas, 1649; Sybilla, 1651; Rebekah, 1652.]
1668	John, son of William and Richard Elford, 2nd January.
1711	Jane, the daughter of Tobias Trewhelter, a. tinner, 12th Aug.
1718	“ Mary the daughter of Peter Man and Richoard his wife,” 8th February.
1732	John, son of John and Joan Andrew, of Northall, 16th May.

MARRIAGES.

1573	“Robert Ruint and Rychord Ellet the second of November.”
1573	“ Rychard Adam and Rogene Man the xxiijth of November.”
1574	Pancras Tamlyn and Johan Madick.
1580	“ Robart Hiche vicar and ffraunces Jenings ye xixth of Julye,”
1588	“Rychard Smerdon and Rychord Palke the xxviijth of Sep'tember.”
1633	“Mr. George Lyde and Mrs. Sarah Newman 27th February. [From Marldon Parish Register]
1677	“Mas. William Row minnister of Allenton and Mistress ffederatta Tickell daughter of Mr. John Tickell minnister of Widdecomb weare married 7th day of June.”

BURIALS.

1590	“ Robart Hich vicar the vth of Januarye”
1638	“ Roger Hill gent was buried ye xxiijth day of October. Robert Meade and Sibella Milward were buried ye xxiijth day of October.” (These were the victims of the great storm which wrecked the church, as described in another Page)
1642	“ Mary the wife of John Ilford [Elford] gent was buried the xviijth day of February.”
1646	“ John Ilford ye second day of September.”
1656	“ Petternell [Petronell] wife of Tho. Folle,” 7th July.
1672	“Sarah the wife of Mr. George Lyde vicar of this Parish was buried on the seventeenth day of May. ”
1673	“George Lyde vicar of this parrish was buried on the fower and twentieth day of March.” The register records the burials of their children—Katherine, 1643 ; Susanna, 1650; Ann, 1690; Gertrude, 1702; Thomas, 1702.
1690	“John the sonne of Jonathan Tickell vicker of this Parish was bured the 25th day of October.”
1697	“Johnnathan the sone of Mr. Johnnathan Tickle was buried the 29th day of July.”
1710	“ Alice the wife of John Farrant a Tinner.”
1711	“ Edward Wills a Tinner.”